More Impacts of Economic Reform in Poland: Welfare Changes within a Consistent Framework
用虚拟价格计算考虑配给的生活成本指数，发现波兰1987-1992年忽略配给效应的指数每年高估3.6至6.99个百分点，且考虑配给后的福利损失仅为忽略时的15%-25%。
The costs of shortages and rationing are not captured by standard consumer price indices. In this study, virtual prices for the rationed goods are used to calculate a new cost-of-living index (CLI). The results for Poland show that from 1987 to 1992 the CLI that ignores the rationing effects is biased upward from 3.6 to 6.99 percentage points per year. Compared to the welfare loss calculated by neglecting the rationing effects in the prereform period, the welfare loss that reflects the rationing is only 25 percent as large using external virtual prices, and only 15 percent as large using Hausman virtual prices.