The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment
利用“搬向机会”实验的税收数据，发现幼年搬离高贫困社区能提高大学入学率和收入、降低单亲率，而青少年期搬家有轻微负面影响，说明童年期接触更好环境的时间长短是关键。
The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment offered randomly selected families housing vouchers to move from high-poverty housing projects to lower-poverty neighborhoods. We analyze MTO's impacts on children's long-term outcomes using tax data. We find that moving to a lower-poverty neighborhood when young (before age 13) increases college attendance and earnings and reduces single parenthood rates. Moving as an adolescent has slightly negative impacts, perhaps because of disruption effects. The decline in the gains from moving with the age when children move suggests that the duration of exposure to better environments during childhood is an important determinant of children's long-term outcomes.