NATIONAL TREATMENT AT THE WTO: THE ROLES OF PRODUCT AND COUNTRY HETEROGENEITY*
在一个两国模型中分析WTO国民待遇条款，发现当产品质量或市场大小存在跨国异质性时，互惠的国民待遇协议对高质国有利、对低质国不利，但能提高全球福利；该协议在均衡中出现需满足高质国市场相对较大且质量差距小。
This paper analyzes the World Trade Organization's (WTO's) national treatment (NT) clause in a two‐country model where quality of goods and/or market size are heterogenous across countries. When market size is symmetric across countries, a reciprocal NT agreement (i) benefits the high‐quality country, (ii) hurts the low‐quality country, and (iii) delivers higher aggregate world welfare. However, such an agreement can arise in equilibrium if the high‐quality country's market is relatively bigger and the quality gap between goods is small (i.e., goods are sufficiently alike ). The qualitative nature of these results does not change when quality is endogenously determined.