Three Variants on the Allais Example
对学生实施阿莱斯例子的三种变体实验，前两种轻微改变却大幅削弱了阿莱斯悖论行为；第三种直接检验卡尼曼和特沃斯基的确定性效应与马奇纳的扇形展开假说，结果支持确定性效应。
Three variants on the famous Allais example were administered to student subjects. Two variants involved small changes in the example, yet greatly diminished the qualitative behavior known as the Allais Paradox. The third variant is almost a direct test of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky's certainty effect against Mark Machina's fanning out hypothesis; the results favor the certainty effect over the fanning out hypothesis for at least the case of straight line indifference curves. Copyright 1989 by American Economic Association.