The Cost of Fear: The Welfare Effect of the Risk of Violence in Northern Uganda
首次直接衡量了不安全感的经济成本，利用乌干达北部暴力事件的空间时间变化，分离出暴力风险与暴力经历对福利的因果影响，为冲突成本研究提供了微观数据基础。
Although the effects of insecurity are believed to be important, these have never been directly measured. Previous estimates of the costs of conflict have only captured the joint effect of violence and insecurity. The distinction is important for understanding the origins of the costs and for policy design. Using the spatial-temporal variation in the placement of violence, I create spatially disaggregated measures of insecurity and present the first estimates of the relative causal contributions of the risk and experience of violence. The article also provides the first micro-data based counterpart to the cross-country literature on the costs of conflict.