Learning‐by‐Exporting Revisited: The Role of Intensity and Persistence*
利用瑞典企业面板数据，研究发现只有持续高出口强度的企业才存在出口学习效应，而临时出口或低强度持续出口的企业则没有；小企业无论出口强度高低，持续出口都能提升生产率，但高强度效果更强。
Abstract Two non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses can explain the empirically established export premium: self‐selection of more productive firms into export markets and learning‐by‐exporting. This paper focuses on how the temporal dimension of firms' exporting activities and the intensity of exports influence the scope of learning effects. Using a panel of Swedish firms and dynamic generalized method of moments estimation, we find a learning effect among persistent exporters with high export intensity, but not among temporary exporters or persistent exporters with low export intensity. For small firms, exports boost productivity among persistent exporters with both high and low export intensity, but the effect is stronger for persistent export‐intensive small firms.