R&D Rivalry with Licensing or Imitation
研究两家企业在动态环境中竞争开发创新，允许创新后扩散（如许可或模仿），发现行业领导者倾向于开发小创新，只有在模仿困难时才开发大创新。
The authors study the rivalry between two firms to develop an innovation in a dynamic setting that allows for post-development dissemination of the innovation, such as licensing or imitation. This dissemination may cause the noninnovating firm to benefit from the discovery. When this occurs, conventional results in the economics of R&D no longer need apply They find that industry leaders will tend to develop minor innovations, but will develop major innovations only if imitation is difficult. Copyright 1987 by American Economic Association.