Reoccurrence of Unemployment among Adult Men
利用收入动态面板研究数据，发现成年男性失业具有强持续性，但控制个体差异后，过去失业并不增加当前失业概率，否定了“伤疤效应”，认为持续性源于数据收集和未测量的个人与环境差异。
Linkages in the across-time unemployment experiences of adult men are the focus of this paper. Using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data, the paper first documents the strong persistence in unemployment for adult men. It then explores possible explanations for this persistence, searching for effects that might remain after controlling for heterogeneity. Results strongly suggest that past unemployment does not increase adult men's chances of current unemployment, invalidating the scarring explanation. Thus, it seems safe to conclude that unemployment does not hurt adult men's chances of future employment. Apparently data collection procedures and unmeasured constant personal and environmental differences in the propensity for unemployment generated the considerable observed persistence in unemployment.