Patent Races, Product Standards, and International Competition
研究旨在改善企业在国际专利竞赛中战略地位的预期产品标准，发现标准的效果取决于其制定方式、企业开发的产品以及产品发现的顺序，并指出简单标准因消费者损失而时间不一致，而状态依存标准在引入外国企业强制许可时具有时间一致性。
We examine anticipatory prcxiuct standards intended to improve the strategic position of fInns in an international patent race where fInns do R&D to develop products that are close substitutes.The effects of a standard are shown to depend on the way the standard is specified, which ftnn develops which product, and on the order in which products are discovered.Simple standards are, in general, time inconsistent because of consumer losses that occur when products ruled out by the standard are discovered before the product set as the standard.A state-contingent standard is shown to be time consistent when compulsory licensing by the foreign ['mn is introduced.