The interface between growth, trade, pollution and natural resource use in Chile: evidence from an economy wide model
使用包含75个部门的新古典经济模型，研究了贸易自由化和污染税对智利总收入、污染和自然资源使用的影响，发现单边贸易自由化会加剧污染并扩张资源型部门，而加入北美自由贸易协定则对环境更友好。
Abstract We investigate the implications of trade liberalization and pollution taxes on aggregate income, pollution, and natural resource use in Chile with a neoclassical economywide model comprising 75 sectors. The model incorporates 13 measures of pollution effluents which are linked to the use of polluting inputs and energy use. We estimate the economic and environmental impact of Chile's participation in NAFTA, MERCOSUR, of unilateral trade liberalization and effluent taxes. Unilateral trade liberalization induces substantial worsening of pollution emissions and expansion of resource‐based sectors, partly because of access to cheaper energy. NAFTA integration is environmentally benign in terms of pollution emissions.