Communities, Competition, Spillovers, and Open Space
研究了开发商的空间分布如何影响开放空间的私人供给，发现土地租金最大化开发商可能过度供给开放空间，竞争会导致开放空间数量与空间分布的双重低效，并评估了市场化工具的效果。
We explore the impact of the spatial distribution of developers on the private provision of open space. Our analysis yields three main findings. First, we demonstrate that the mixed public good nature of open space (relative to private lot consumption) can lead a single land rent-maximizing developer to over-supply open space relative to the utility-maximizing level. Second, by explicitly incorporating the spatial distribution of open-space spillovers, we show how competition can lead not only to inefficient levels of open space, but also to inefficiencies in its spatial distribution. Finally, we evaluate the impact of market-based open-space instruments. <i></i>