Secular Changes in the Work and Retirement Patterns of Older Men
比较了1969年和1989年58至63岁男性的工作与退休模式，发现劳动参与率下降与个人特征或职业无关，62岁退休激增暗示社会保障提前退休条款的作用，55岁后长期工作减少可能与养老金激励有关。
This paper examines trends in the work and retirement patterns of males aged 58 to 63 in 1969 and 1989 respectively. The labor force attachments of this group have fallen for reasons unrelated to changes in individual characteristics or occupational attainment. Especially sharp reductions at age 62 hint at an increasingly important role for the early retirement provisions in Social Security. Attachments to longest jobs have also declined substantially beginning at age 55. Although pension incentives may be significant, the observed correlations between pensions and employment status may also reflect the role of confounding factors such as poorly measured nonpension wealth.