Russian Inequality on the Eve of Revolution
利用综合数据集，估算了欧洲俄罗斯50个省份各经济和社会阶级的收入，发现革命前夕的俄罗斯收入不平等程度在当时处于中等水平，低于当今中国、美国和俄罗斯自身的不平等程度。
Careful handling of an eclectic data set reveals how unequal were the incomes of different classes of Russians on the eve of Revolution. We estimate incomes by economic and social class in each of the fifty provinces of European Russia. On the eve of military defeat and the 1905 Revolution, Russian income inequality was middling by the standards of that era, and less severe than is inequality today in China, the United States, and Russia itself. We note how the interplay of some distinctive fiscal and relative-price features of Imperial Russia might have shaped the now-revealed level of inequality.