The Case of the Missing Trade and Other Mysteries
发现赫克歇尔-俄林-瓦内克定理的预测与实际贸易模式不符，存在贸易缺失和要素丰裕度异常，并提出消费本土偏好和技术差异的修正模型。
The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem, which predicts that countries will export products that are made from factors in great supply, performs poorly. However, deviations from HOV follow pronounced patterns. Trade is missing relative to its HOV prediction. Also, rich countries appear scarce in most factors and poor countries appear abundant in all factors, a fact that squares poorly with the HOV prediction that abundant factors are exported. As suggested by the patterns, HOV is rejected empirically in favor of a modification that allows for home bias in consumption and international technology differences. Copyright 1995 by American Economic Association.