The Efficiency of Demand-Oriented Housing Programs: Generalizing from Experimental Findings
比较需求导向与生产导向住房项目的效率，发现前者更高效，甚至接近现金转移的效率，对政策制定者优化住房补贴有参考价值。
Typical production-oriented housing programs offer potential recipients a highly limited set of previously unattainable commodity bundles. From the household's viewpoint, such programs have been highly inefficient. From society's viewpoint, such housing programs are generally horizontally inequitable and inefficient. Given that housing programs are not likely to be fully cashed out and incorporated into general income maintenance, could housing programs be restructured to increase their efficiency? This paper examines this question. Results indicate that demand-oriented housing programs are substantially more efficient than are production-oriented programs. In fact, in the aggregate, the former programs approach unrestricted cash payments in their transfer efficiency.