Structural Transformation in Africa: Static Gains, Dynamic Losses
研究了11个撒哈拉以南非洲国家在独立后和近期的增长与结构转型，发现早期资源转向制造业带来高生产率增长，但1990年代后劳动力主要流向分销贸易服务业，其生产率增长缓慢且落后于世界前沿，类似模式在拉丁美洲出现但亚洲不同。
This paper places recent growth and structural transformation in 11 Sub-Saharan African countries in historical and international perspective. During the early post-independence period, resources were reallocated to manufacturing activities with high productivity growth. Structural change stalled in the mid-1970s. When it resumed in the 1990s, workers mainly relocated to distributive trade services. Productivity levels in these activities were higher than in agriculture, enhancing overall economy performance. But services productivity growth was sluggish and increasingly falling behind the world frontier. These patterns are also observed in Latin America, but not in Asia.