The Impact of Differences in Turnover Rates on Male/Female Pay Differentials
利用1970年人口普查数据，按性别汇总行业离职率，分析过去行业离职率对当前收入的影响，发现离职率对男女收入均有显著影响，且女性因高离职倾向受到的工资折扣更大，考虑离职率后人力资本等变量能解释的男女收入差距增加一半。
Economic theory suggests that wages vary with turnover rates. Because of hiring and training costs, workers viewed as likely to quit can anticipate a wage discount. Workers in industries with high layoff rates may demand a compensating wage premium. By pooling time-series industry turnover rates, by sex, with 1970 Census data, we are able to examine the effect of past industry turnover on current earnings. Turnover proves to be important for both males and females, although the wage discount for a high quit probability is larger for females. When differences in turnover are taken into account, the portion of the male/female earnings gap explainable by human capital and socioeconomic variables increases by a factor of one-half.