Regulatory Reform in the European Community
研究了1985年后欧共体通过282项内部市场提案和《单一欧洲法案》推动监管改革的进程,截至1991年底多数提案已获批准并转化为国家法律,仅间接税领域协调进展缓慢。
In 1985, the Commission of the European Community (EC) put forward 282 proposals for the completion of the internal market. In the same year, the European Council of Ministers adopted the Single European Act, which enlarges the range of matters over which decisions can be taken at a qualified majority. By the end of November 1991, the Commission had formulated all proposals, 217 of them have been approved by the Council, and around 70 percent of those have been implemented in national laws. It is only in the area of indirect taxation that little harmonization has been achieved so far. Such a swift change in many regulations lies in stark contrast with the experience of the decade preceding the adoption of the Single European Act, during which the European Commission and Council of Ministers did not undertake significant changes. Of course, the substitution of consensus by qualified majority as a decision rule in the Council or at least the threat of it (few