Obtaining Welfare Bounds in Discrete-Response Valuation Studies: A Non-Parametric Approach
针对离散响应条件价值评估中的福利估计，利用微观经济理论推导出支付意愿的上下界，并用非参数方法估计均值和方差，通过两个调查案例和蒙特卡洛模拟验证，计算简便。
Welfare change estimates obtained from discrete-response contingent valuation experiments normally assume a particular distribution of willingness-to-pay (W TP).U sing conventional microeconomic theory, we derive upper and lower bounds on such estimates. These bounds are interpreted statistically in terms of non-parametric estimators of mean WTP and its variance. Two contingent valuation surveys illustrate the proposed bounds, and the performances of the variance estimators are scrutinized with a Monte Carlo simulation. All calculations can be made by hand, simplifying communication among those involved in interpreting result from contingent valuation studies using discrete-response data.