New product introductions below aspirations, slack and R&D alliances: A behavioral perspective
基于行为理论，研究高科技企业新产品引入绩效低于期望时如何影响研发联盟数量，以及冗余资源如何调节这一关系。对美国生物制药企业面板数据的分析发现，绩效低于历史期望的程度越大，企业建立的研发联盟越多，冗余资源会强化这一效应。
We develop hypotheses based on behavioral theory that explain how high technology firms' new product introduction ( NPI ) performance below aspiration levels impact the number of R&D alliances, and how slack moderates this relationship. Using panel data of U.S. biopharmaceutical firms, we find that as firms' NPI performance below historical aspiration levels increases the number of R&D alliances they form increases and slack intensifies this relationship. We contribute to alliance research by providing theory and empirical evidence that increases in the distance of NPI below aspirations serve as a motivation for increases in R&D alliances, and empirically to behavioral theory by revealing that NPI goals act similarly to financial performance goals in their impact on firms' actions and slack intensifies this relationship . Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.