Firm Size and Foreign Operations of Multinationals
梳理了关于企业规模与对外直接投资关系的文献，指出以往研究常混淆企业成为外国投资者的概率与海外经营程度，并强调Horst（1972）的研究仅涉及前者。
The standard literature on multinationals emphasizes the importance of firm size in explaining foreign direct investment. A typical statement, for example by Caves, is that (T)he relation between direct investment and firm size, with other factors held constant, has been established statistically (1974, p. 280). However, descriptions of the role of firm size are often ambiguous. As pointed out by Hufbauer (1975) and Swedenborg (1979), such descriptions do not make a clear distinction between the probability or likelihood that a firm would be a foreign investor and the extent of such investment or, as expressed by Swedenborg, a firm's propensity to operate abroad, the share of its production carried on outside its home country. A study by Horst (1972), which has become the basis for most statements about the importance of firm size, dealt only with the probability that a firm would be a foreign investor, or more specifically, the probability that it would meet the criteria for being considered a multinational firm according to the definition used in the Harvard Studies, including that of having a certain number of overseas operations; cf. Vernon (197 1).