The Optimal Use of Nonmonetary Sanctions as a Deterrent
构建了一个威慑理论模型，分析非货币制裁的社会成本，指出在法院信息完美时最优制裁从不实施，但现实中信息不完美导致制裁不可避免。
A theoretical model of deterrence is studied in which the imposition of nonmonetary (as opposed to monetary) sanctions is socially costly. It is therefore desirable that the system of sanctions be designed so that sanctions are imposed infrequently. If courts possess perfect information, the optimal system is such that sanctions are never imposed-all who can be deterred will be--but, realistically, courts' information will be imperfect and sanctions will be imposed. Copyright 1987 by American Economic Association.