Differential Payments within a Bidder Coalition and the Shapley Value
研究英国式拍卖中投标人联盟通过嵌套淘汰赛分配合谋收益的机制，发现当成员足够异质时，预期支付等于沙普利值，并分析了激励相容问题。
Bidder coalitions at English auctions frequently distribute collusive gains among members via a secondary auction of "knockout." When coalition members are sufficiently heterogeneous, nested coalition structures are observed in which a knockout is conducted at each level of nesting. The nested knockout's characteristics are investigated. Within many settings, the authors find that the expected payments to coalition members via the nested knockout equal the Shapley value. Incentive compatibility problems of the nested knockout are also analyzed. Copyright 1990 by American Economic Association.