When Excessive Consumption Is Rational
当平均成本高于市场需求时，通常认为企业会停产，但本文证明存在一个消费的纳什均衡，自私的消费者会过度消费以维持企业生产，保护自身剩余。
If average cost is everywhere above market demand, it is usually argued that the nondiscriminating firm will shut down, although the first-best outcome may dictate production. In this setting, it is shown that there is often a Nash equilibrium in consumption that will keep the firm producing. Selfish consumers engage in excessive (beyond demand) consumption to keep the firm in business and to protect their surpluses. This is shown to be true in a simple model with perfect information and also in a more realistic model in which consumers are uncertain about the firm's costs. Copyright 1991 by American Economic Association.