Estimating Existence Value for Users and Nonusers of New Jersey Beaches
研究分析了海滩养护项目对打算使用海滩和不打算使用海滩的受访者的存在价值差异，发现非用户的存在价值是唯一有效的衡量标准。
This study reports empirical evidence on existence value for beach nourishment. The focus is an analysis of respondents who intend to use the beach to be nourished and those who do not. Differences are found among the two groups, but not among categories of nonusers. An application of this result is that surveying can be limited to respondents engaged in the recreation activity being analyzed. Existence value for respondents intending to use the beach was found to include a recreation value component. Our results support the argument that the only valid measure of existence value is the willingness-to-pay amounts of nonusers.