ON THE VALUE OF FOREGONE OPEN SPACE IN SPRAWLING CITIES
研究通过引入城市边界外出行需求，量化城市蔓延中放弃开放空间的损失，发现开放空间外部性对城市扩张的限制应较为温和。
ABSTRACT Foregone benefits of the open space that is sacrificed through urban sprawl are hard to quantify. We obtain a simple benchmark measure by introducing a demand for trips beyond the urban boundary into the monocentric city model. The externality arises from the increase in travel costs that expansion of the city imposes on its prior inhabitants. An empirical application illustrates the moderate informational requirements. It indicates that open space externalities warrant rather mild restrictions on urban expansion.