Market opportunities intrafamily resource allocation and sex-specific survival rates: an intercountry extension
扩展了Rosenzweig和Schultz的模型，利用118个国家截面数据、美国各州截面数据及美国时间序列数据，检验市场机会差异（以参与率衡量）如何影响男女存活率，发现女性市场参与率提高会改善其相对存活率。
In a recent work Mark Rosenzweig and T. Paul Schultz...developed a model of intrafamily resource allocation and provided evidence from Indian data suggesting that differences in male-female child survival rates are partly attributable to the economic opportunity differentials for the two sexes....The objective of this paper is to extend the evidence in two directions. First instead of looking at only sex-specific child survival rates one may consider the overall survival rates for males and females since the structure of intrafamily resource allocation for adults should also follow the same basic logic as that toward children. Second it seems useful to conduct the study for countries covering a wider range than the Indian sub-continent. The present study uses three data sets. One is a cross section of 118 countries for 1970; the second consists of a cross section of states in the United States around 1970; and the third contains 32 annual observations for the United States covering the period 1947-78. The main conclusion is that market opportunity differentials as proxied by participation rates do seem to affect the allocation of resources as measured by survival rates in the direction suggested by economic theory; in particular an increase in the market participation rates of females enhances the survival differential in their favor. (EXCERPT)