The Liberalisation of Tariff Rate Quotas under Oligopolistic Competition
用寡头竞争模型研究WTO农业关税配额自由化的三种方案（降低配额内/外关税、扩大配额）对进口的影响，发现考虑竞争性质会得出与传统完全竞争假设不同的结论，且增加竞争者数量有时比降关税更有效。
Abstract Several proposals for liberalising agricultural tariff rate quotas (TRQs) have been proposed within the WTO Doha Development Round. The literature suggests that the effectiveness of liberalisation depends upon which of the three elements of a TRQ constrains imports. Most contributions assume perfect competition. This article uses an oligopoly two‐stage capacity constrained model, in which the mode of competition is endogenous, to investigate the impact of different liberalisation options of TRQs, that is, the reduction in the in‐quota and out‐of‐quota tariffs and the expansion of the quota. This article shows that consideration of the nature of competition between traders may provide unconventional conclusions about the effectiveness of the various TRQ liberalisation options; furthermore, the article shows how an increase in the number of rivals, under certain circumstances, may be more effective in increasing trade than reducing tariffs.