The Rationality of a Safe Minimum Standard
探讨安全最低标准（SMS）政策转向的合理性，指出当前SMS仅是一种程序性转变，但社会福利函数可能不完整，需要更根本的SMS转变，并论证多种道德立场支持这一方法。
The Safe Minimum Standard (SMS) is a policy shift to safety defaults to forestall irreversible outcomes. Critics charge an inconsistency: what justifies "business as usual" cannot also justify switching to the SMS. Currently the SMS is only a procedural shift where economic optimality procedures are buttressed by extra-special focus on uncertainty. Yet social welfare function may not be complete enough, warranting a more fundamental SMS shift. Numerous moral positions support this SMS approach. This SMS also operationalizes the intolerable cost as a trigger point, noting societies with lower tolerance for sacrifice must trigger the SMS earlier.