The Effect of Wood and Coal Stoves on Household Use of Electricity
研究了家庭使用木柴和煤炭炉灶对电力消费的减少效应，发现其节电效果超过常见家电，并量化了电价上涨对炉灶使用和电力消耗的长期影响。
Since the energy crises of the 1970s, price increases have induced many forms of electric energy saving by households. Among these is the use of wood and coal stoves, which are an important alternative space heating system in regions where these fuels are readily available. A stove may substitute to various degrees for the major heating system built into the dwelling, depending on the characteristics of the dwelling and household usage patterns. The study of detailed household data makes it both possible and desirable to give wood and coal stoves adequate consideration. The reduction in electric energy consumption of a household due to the use of a stove is estimated in this study to exceed the average kilowatt-hour (kWh) use of a wide range of electric appliances that are more usually treated in electricity demand studies.' The decision to install a stove and the decision determining the level of operation of a stove are related to, among other things, the price of electricity. When the price of electricity increases, other things being equal, stove ownership and use increase and electric heating consumption is suppressed. The aim of this paper is to quantify these effects, which are part of the long-term adjustment to an electric price increase. The results obtained here ultimately bear upon utility rate and system planning decisions, and also upon questions of energy policy, which require information concerning household fuel substitution and responsiveness to price.2 The body of the paper has three sections. The first explains the analysis of kWh demand, conditional upon equipment stocks. The second explains the stove ownership models. The third briefly explains the construction of a residential simulation model and reports the results of an experiment which quantifies the reduction in kWh consumption due to the use of stoves.