Trade Liberalization with Imperfect Competition in Goods and Labour Markets
研究了取消关税和贸易壁垒如何影响功利主义垄断工会的行为，发现贸易自由化会削弱劳动力市场的垄断力量，降低工资、增加就业和企业数量，但可能促使国内工会进行国际合作，从而损害非工会成员的利益。
The effects of removing tariffs and trade barriers on the behaviour of utilitarian monopoly trade unions are considered. A model of intra-industry trade in differentiated commodities under monopolistic competition and increasing returns to scale is used. National and international trade unions are distinguished. Removal of trade barriers reduces monopoly power in labour markets. This forces wages down and increases employment and the number of firms in the differentiated goods industry. The removal of trade barriers appears to increase strongly the incentive for national unions to cooperate internationally. Such cooperation would undermine the benefits of trade liberalization for non-members of the unions.