Identifying Experimental Program Effects with Confounding Price Changes and Selection Bias: The Municipal Health Services Program
评估了市政卫生服务项目在欠发达城区建立初级保健中心的效果，发现该中心成功改善了医疗可及性并控制了成本，而免除共付额虽增加了支出但未完全抵消服务重组带来的节省。
The Municipal Health Services Program attempted to improve access to health care while containing costs by establishing pri- mary care centers in underserved urban areas. The Health Care Financing Administration agreed to waive normal Medicare copayments for services delivered under the program. The es- tablishment of primary care centers was successful in meeting its objectives. The waiver of copayments increased expenditures but not enough to fully offset savings from the reorganization of services.