Federal Government Initiatives and the Foundations of the Information Technology Revolution: Lessons from History
回顾联邦政府对计算与通信研发的早期投资如何支撑后来的产业创新，以1980-90年代的高性能计算与通信计划为例，说明政府资助的长期价值，对关注科技政策与产业关系的读者有参考意义。
There is little argument that early investment in computing and communications (CC guidance for future research policy can come from an examination of history. Whereas a vigorous industry has been visible for decades, many outside observers who question the need for federal C&C research support are often ignorant of the continuing exploitation by industry of science and technologies developed decades ago via past support and how such support has complemented industrial activities. This paper outlines how the organization of federal funding for C&C R&D has helped to make such funding so fertile, noting dimensions that may be of enduring value even as circumstances change. It focuses on the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative of the 1980's and early 1990's, which evolved from earlier funding programs and influences current programs and prospects.' By design (and reflecting space limitations), the paper emphasizes positive aspects that may be relevant for the future.