The Discipline of Imports: The Case of Sweden
研究了进口竞争对瑞典制造业价格成本加成的影响，发现欧共体与欧洲自由贸易联盟的自贸协定增强了进口的约束效应，且来自发展中国家、日本和亚洲新兴工业化国家的进口约束效应更大。
In examining the constraints that imports competition imposes on the price-cost margins in Swedish manufacturing industries, the paper addresses two questions: whether the free trade agreement between the EC and EFTA has reinforced the disciplinary effect of imports; and whether there are differences between imports of different origins. My findings support intensified competition from the free trade agreement, even though the disciplinary effect of imports originating from LDCs, Japan and the Asian NICs is larger than the effect of imports from other developed countries.