Valuing the Visual Disamenity of Offshore Wind Projects at Varying Distances from the Shore
通过陈述偏好选择模型，估算了美国特拉华州居民对不同离岸距离的海上风电涡轮机造成的视觉不适的外部成本，发现近海居民成本远高于内陆居民。
Several offshore wind power projects are under consideration in the United States. A concern with any such project is the visual disamenity it may create. Using a stated preference choice model, we estimated the external costs to residents of the state of Delaware for offshore wind turbines located at different distances from the coast. The annual costs to inland residents was $19, $9, $1, and $0 (2006 dollars) per household for turbines located at 0.9, 3.6, 6, and 9 miles offshore. The cost to residents living near the ocean was $80, $69, $35, and $27 per household for the same increments.