UNION WAGE DIFFERENTIALS IN AN ERA OF DECLINING UNIONIZATION
研究1984至1990年英国工会工资差异的变化，发现体力劳动者的工会溢价小幅下降，且与入职前封闭工场相关的溢价和发生率大幅降低，平均差异下降主要源于新企业无法建立工会差异。
ABSTRACT This paper examines the change in union wage differentials in Britain between 1984 and 1990, a period of considerable legislative change and marked decline in unionization. Small falls in union differentials are found for manual workers, together with a sharp decline in the premium associated with, and incidence of, the pre‐entry closed shop. The decline in the average differentials is found to be largely due to the inability of unions to establish differentials in new establishments. No link is found between the differential and the probability of closure and no evidence of decline in raw differentials in a matched panel.