Regional Economic Integration and the Volume of Intra‐Regional Trade: A Comparison of Developed and Developing Country Experience
利用1954-1977年46个国家双边贸易数据，通过引力模型比较五个区域一体化方案对成员国间贸易的影响，发现EEC、EFTA和中美洲共同市场使贸易额增长四倍，而安第斯条约和拉美自由贸易区无显著效果。
SUMMARY We examine the effect of five regional integration schemes on the volume of intra‐member trade by means of a gravity model of trade. Parameters for the model are estimated from observations on bilateral trade flows among 46 developed and developing countries from 1954 to 1977. We find that two developed country schemes, the EEC and EFTA and one developing country schema, the Central American Common Market increased intra‐member trade by a factor of four. The Andean Pact and the Latin American Free Trade Area had no effect on intra‐member trade. The ability of integration schemes to increase intra‐member trade is shown to vary directly with the per capita incomes of the integrating countries and inversely with the distance between them.