Comparative Productivity: Comment
评论了Bergson关于社会主义经济低效的结论，用苏联数据证明其生产率增长在1960-75年间与西欧持平并超过美国，且工业与非工业生产率差距扩大，表明社会主义经济并非全面低效。
Abram Bergson (1987a) has recently attempted to show that socialist economic systems are underproductive and underefficient.' Close evaluation, however, reveals that this conclusion is too sweeping. Using the USSR as a case in point, this comment demonstrates that Soviet productivity growth using Bergson's data (1987b) and methods (Bergson, 1978) matched Western Europe's and exceeded the U.S. achievement in 1960-75. Moreover the pronounced duality between Soviet industrial and nonindustrial productivity discovered by Bergson for 1960 appears to have increased thereafter through 1975, according to the statistics of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) similar to those employed in Bergson (1987b). This duality is confirmed further by a separate calculation of comparative machine-building productivity. Using CIA sector of origin data that are consistent with Bergson's counterpart end use data (Imogene Edwards et al., 1979) and his factor share weights (Bergson, 1978), Soviet machine-building productivity is calculated to be 79 percent of the American level in 1975 (Table 1). Revised data for the same year, published by the CIA in 1982, raise this figure to 88 percent. These findings clearly suggest that socialist economies need not be comprehensively underproductive (underefficient). Although they do not dispose of many issues of legitimate controversy2 and pose serious questions about the potential shortcomings of the adjusted data on which Bergson relies, they do demonstrate nonetheless that the positivist debate over the comparative productivity (efficiency) of socialism even in the Soviet case still cannot be completely laid to rest.3