Estimation of Output and Input Technical Efficiency using a Flexible Functional Form and Panel Data
区分了产出和投入技术效率两种概念，利用面板数据在超越对数成本系统中将效率作为固定效应进行估计，并以美国航空公司数据为例说明两种效率的设定差异。
The Farrell (1957) concept of technical efficiency can be measured in two ways--denoted output and input technical efficiency. The empirical literature does not distinguish between the two measures and confusion exists regarding the required restrictions on technology for the specification of either measure. With panel data, the authors show how both types of efficiency, when treated as fixed effects, are to be specified in the context of a translog cost system. Technical efficiency enters the share equations only in the output case when homotheticity is not imposed. The authors estimate their cost systems using panel data on U.S. airlines. Copyright 1994 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.