Assimilation to a Welfare State: Labor Market Performance and Use of Social Benefits by Immigrants to Finland*
研究了芬兰移民的就业和收入表现，发现非OECD移民与本地人的就业差距持续存在，但收入转移差距在约20年内消失。
Abstract This paper documents the economic performance of immigrants in a country characterized by an extensive welfare state and a short immigration history. Upon arrival, immigrants to Finland have substantially lower employment rates than comparable natives. While they experience rapid employment growth, only men from OECD countries catch up with natives. Despite the persisting employment and earnings differences between non‐OECD immigrants and natives, the differences in income transfers disappear in roughly 20 years. The immigrant–native employment gaps are larger in Finland than in Australia, Canada, or the US.