Monitoring vis-a-vis Investigation in Enforcement of Law
比较了监控与调查两种执法方式，指出监控无法根据罪行严重程度调整，而调查可以。对于轻微罪行，应仅通过监控和分级罚款来威慑；对于严重罪行，应调整调查率并设定最高罚款。
Enforcement by monitoring cannot be conditioned on the severity of an offense while enforcement by investigation can be. If some degrees of the offenses are not adequately reported or if investigation is too costly, the regulator must monitor and treat offenses of different severity quite differently. Smaller offenses should not be investigated; they should be deterred by monitoring alone, coupled with graduated fines. To deter larger offenses, the regulator should vary the investigation rate while setting maximal fines. Copyright 1992 by American Economic Association.