Admitting Students to Selective Education Programs: Merit, Profiling, and Affirmative Action
研究了城市学区如何通过基于收入和种族的差异化录取门槛（平权行动）以及利用种族和收入群体间成绩与能力的差异（特征分析）来增加少数族裔和弱势学生的入学率，发现这些政策能实现种族平权行动所能达到的非裔美国人入学率的80%以上。
Minority and disadvantaged students are typically underrepresented in selective programs that use merit-based admission. Urban school districts may set different referral and admission thresholds based on income and race (affirmative action), and they may exploit differences in achievement relative to ability across race and income groups (profiling). We develop and estimate a model that provides a unified treatment of affirmative action and profiling. We find profiling by race and income and affirmative action for low-income students. Counterfactual analysis reveals that these policies achieve more than 80 percent of African American enrollment that could be attained by race-based affirmative action.