Targeting Employment Opportunities toward Selected Workers
指出农村经济发展政策创造的就业岗位往往被非目标群体占据，原因在于技能不匹配，并提出可通过调整发展策略为特定困难群体创造就业。
Business tax relief, development subsidies, and supportive training programs are traditional cornerstones of rural economic development policy (Gordon 1972). The justification of public sector financial support for development incentives such as these rests partly on the assumption that many of the new jobs will be filled by persons with employment problems such as low wages, chronic unemployment, underemployment or economic displacement (Tang 1965; Somers 1968). Unfortunately, those whom public policymakers would like to help through employment expansion are not always hired when new jobs become available. Indeed, the record indicates that only a small fraction of new jobs in nonmetropolitan areas are filled by persons previously unemployed (Shaffer 1979). A major reason for this apparent failure of policy is that skills needed for new jobs do not match the skills possessed by workers with employment problems. The contention of this article is that economic development efforts in rural areas can be structured to create jobs for specific groups of people. There are two important considerations for an effective development effort. First the strategy must generate new jobs and/ or maintain existing jobs. This means the community must have access to adequate markets, transportation facilities, appropriate resources, support businesses, and so forth. Second, the strategy should encourage the creation of jobs for the individuals of special concern. Generating jobs is a difficult