The 9/11 Dust Cloud and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Reconsideration
利用纽约市9/11当天所有在孕出生及其兄弟姐妹数据，发现受灾区居住增加了早产和低出生体重风险，尤其对男婴影响更大。
The events of 9/11 released a million tons of toxic dust into lower Manhattan, an unparalleled environmental disaster. It is puzzling then that the literature has shown little effect of fetal exposure to the dust. However, inference is complicated by pre-existing differences between the affected mothers and other NYC mothers as well as heterogeneity in effects on boys and girls. Using all births in utero on 9/11 in NYC and comparing them to their siblings, we show that residence in the affected area increased prematurity and low birth weight, especially for boys.