What Promises Are Worth: The Impact of Affirmative Action Goals
利用OFCCP行政记录数据，评估监管压力对平权行动目标及后续就业人口结构的影响，发现承诺增加少数族裔和女性雇用的企业确实在后续年份实现了增长。
Affirmative action goals and timetables for the employment of minorities and females have been criticized by some as being ineffective, and by others as being a system of rigid quotas.Using new data from OFCCP administrative records, this paper estimates the impact of detailed regulatory pressure on goals and on subsequent employment demographics.It also tests for the information content of the goals.While the goals are inflated and are not being fulfilled with the rigidity one might expect of quotas, the establishments that promise to employ more minorities and females do actually employ more in subsequent years.While the detailed enforcement tools of the compliance review process are of doubtful utility, the system of affirmative action goals does appear to have prompted increases in minority and female employment at reviewed establishments.