Border Enforcement and Selection of Mexican Immigrants in the United States
研究美国加强边境执法后，墨西哥非法移民成本上升对移民性别、年龄、教育构成及收入的影响，发现女性移民受冲击更大但正向选择增强导致平均收入上升。
Since 1986, the United States has made considerable efforts to curb undocumented immigration across the US--Mexico border, resulting in an increase in migration costs for undocumented immigrants from Mexico and placing a particularly heavy burden on undocumented immigrant women. Using data from the 1990, 2000 Decennial Census and the 2006--8 American Community Survey, this study finds three effects of rising migration costs for immigrants from Mexico: (1) A decrease in the relative flow of older and highly educated undocumented immigrant women relative to men; (2) An increase in the skill composition of immigrant women relative to men; and (3) An increase, due to stronger positive selection, in the average earnings of those groups most affected by increased migration costs, particularly women. This research has important implications in light of the barriers and increasing dangers that women across the globe may face when migrating.