Estate Planning for Nonindustrial Forest Owners
研究了不同企业形式、融资技术和森林管理对非工业私有林主联邦所得税和遗产税的影响，分析了独资、合伙、S型公司和信托四种形式及即时清算、贷款和人寿保险三种融资方式。
forest property is held and provisions for funding estate settlement. This paper presents research results on the interaction of business form, funding technique, and forest management on federal income and estate tax liabilities of private nonindustrial forest owners. Business forms analyzed are sole proprietorship, partnership, Subchapter S corporation, and trust. Funding techniques examined are immediate liquidation of some timber assets, loans, and life insurance proceeds. Harl (1965) examined intergenerational farm asset transfers within a corporate business form. Harrison (1966) and Allwood (1969) applied mathematical programming to develop least-cost intergenerational transfer models. Buss (1971) investigated tax impacts of alternative business forms but did not fully integrate income and death taxes, nor include techniques for funding estate settlements. Boehlje and Harl (1978) and Reinders, Boehlje, and Harl (1980) developed models for determining the size of the federal estate tax marital deduction. Boehlje and Eisgruber (1972) noted that farm estate transfer problems are compounded by simultaneous planning for capital growth. Roush (1978) and Walker, et al. (1979) incorporated this dynamic concept of estate management in analyzing farm business structures. Forestry research efforts have focused on funding by immediately liquidating timber or borrowing from the government (Sutherland 1978; Tedder and Sutherland 1979; Prindle 1981; Sutherland and Tedder 1981).