Family Background and School Achievement among Low Income Blacks
发现，在父母教育、收入等条件相同的低收入黑人家庭中，孩子学业表现的差异主要源于家庭行为和态度的不同。
Although parents' socioeconomic status has large and important effects on their children's school achievement, it is clear that there are substantial variations in children's outcomes across families that are identical in parents' education and work history, family income, family size, and other standard measures of social and economic well-being. This paper finds evidence that much of the variation in academic performance of young children from low-income black families results from differences in behavior and attitudess among the families.