Preemptive Patenting and the Persistence of Monopoly
探讨专利制度等机制是否让垄断企业有机会维持其垄断地位，结论也适用于品牌识别、空间选址和产能扩张等先发制人行动可能降低潜在竞争者回报的情形。
This article takes a different tack and inquires whether institutions such as the patent system create opportunities for firms with monopoly power to maintain their monopoly power. The results apply to other situations such as brand identification, spatial location, and capacity expansion, which share the characteristic that early, or preemptive, actions may lower the returns to potential competitors.