Real Effects of Academic Research
利用美国州级时间序列数据，发现大学研究对企业专利有显著影响，尤其在医药、电子等领域，并且通过促进企业研发支出间接影响地方创新。
The existence of geographically mediated "spillovers" from university research to commercial innovation is explored using state-level time-series data on corporate patents, corporate R&D, and university research. A significant effect of university research on corporate patents is found, particularly in the areas of drugs and medical technology, and electronics, optics, and nuclear technology. In addition, university research appears to have an indirect effect on local innovation by inducing industrial R&D spending. Copyright 1989 by American Economic Association.